Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for the “high” associated with marijuana use. With the legalization of cannabis in the United States, Delta-9 THC has become a point of focus. It appears in various forms in states where marijuana is both legal and illegal. Delta-9 THC is not regulated by the FDA, which makes its use vary in different states. The question is, what is its impact on teenagers? Does it cause addiction? And should parents be concerned about overdose, and social and academic consequences?
How is Delta-9 THC regulated?
Delta-9 THC is regulated differently across the United States, depending on state and federal laws. Federally, Delta-9 THC in concentrations above 0.3% by dry weight is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act.
This classification places it in the same category as marijuana, signifying a high potential for abuse. There is currently no accepted medical use for concentrations at this level.
The 2018 Farm Bill however, legalized hemp-derived products containing less than 0.3% Delta-9 THC by dry weight. This loophole has allowed manufacturers to produce Delta-9 THC products that meet the federal definition of hemp, even though they have psychoactive properties.
How is Delta-9 THC being used in different states?
In states where marijuana is legal, Delta-9 THC is often available in a wide variety of forms including edibles, oils, and flowers, regulated by state cannabis control boards. These products are subject to strict labeling, potency testing, and age restrictions.
In these states Delta-9 THC is primarily used for recreational and medicinal purposes. They have established frameworks to regulate its sale, taxation and consumption. Consumers in these areas often purchase products from licensed dispensaries that provide clear information about THC potency and usage guidelines.
In states where marijuana remains illegal, hemp-derived Delta-9 THC products are being sold in gas stations, smoke shops, and online retailers. While these products may technically comply with federal law, they often lack the same oversight as cannabis sold in legal markets, raising concerns about their safety and quality.
In these states the use of hemp-derived Delta-9 THC products has surged. These products are marketed as alternatives to marijuana and are widely accessible, even in areas where traditional cannabis use is not legalized (Texas laws)
Inconsistent regulation means that individuals do not know what they are getting. In this 2023 study, researchers found that over 66% of Delta-9 THC products were mislabeled for dosage, and only 15.1% of clerks checked the age of the buyer at checkout. This can, and does, lead to potential risks of overdose in teens.
The complications of Delta-9 THC use in teens.
Delta-9 THC can have serious effects on teens, particularly when consumed in high doses. Overdose symptoms may include severe anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, rapid heart rate and vomiting. While these symptoms are typically not life-threatening, they can be distressing and may require medical attention. Additionally, high-potency THC products such as edibles are particularly concerning because their delayed onset can lead users, especially teens, to consume more than intended.
The addiction potential.
Research indicates that teens are more susceptible to developing cannabis use disorder (CUD) due to their still-developing brains. Regular use of Delta-9 THC during adolescence can lead to dependency. Early and frequent use increases the likelihood of addiction, particularly when high-potency products are involved. And as addiction often happens, the need for more and sometimes more dangerous dopamine “hits” will escalate.
Social and academic consequences.
Teens who use Delta-9 THC frequently may experience difficulties in their social and academic lives. Chronic use can impair memory, attention and learning abilities, leading to declining academic performance.
Socially, teens who use THC may become withdrawn or struggle with interpersonal relationships. Cannabis use is sometimes linked to risk-taking behaviors, which can exacerbate these challenges.
What research says about Delta-9 THC’s effects on the brain.
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, and Delta-9 THC can interfere with this process. Studies show that THC affects the endocannabinoid system, which plays a key role in brain development. In particular, areas related to memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation are altered.
Frequent use of THC during adolescence has been associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, including reduced gray matter volume. Scientists discovered impaired connectivity in the regions necessary for cognitive and emotional functioning.
Delta-9 THC is a complex substance with a range of regulatory, medical and social ramifications. Its increasing availability, particularly in states where marijuana is illegal, has created new challenges for parents, educators and policymakers.
Teens are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with THC use, including addiction, social and academic difficulties, and potential long-term effects on brain development. Research is ongoing and time will uncover the full scope of Delta-9 THC’s impact, and so far, it is not looking good.
At Therapeutic Educational Consulting, we guide, support and recommend placement options for treatment centers, nature-based therapy, therapeutic boarding schools, struggling-to-launch programs and alternative education for adolescents and young adults.
Schedule a no-cost discovery call with Rae Guyer, your therapeutic consultant to discuss options.
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